This intermarriage involving Chinese and Vietnamese was considered with alarm by the French. Phan's groundbreaking network practiced this extensively; Also, Chinese merchants also married Vietnamese Females, and provided cash and assistance.[twelve] Ch? t?ch n??c, T?ng Bí th? Tô Lâm nói ch?ng tham nh?ng ph?i 'ph?c v? kinh t?' We also use thir